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United States Patent Application | 20110127277
Kind Code | A1
Nikitine; Boris ;   et al. | June 2, 2011

Container

Abstract

According to the invention (FIG. 1), the container is made in a way that it has, at cross section (FIG. 1A), the internal limit 1 of cross section and the external limit 2 of cross section, and has, at long-section, the internal part of the limit 3 of long section and the external part of the limit 4 of long section. Therewith, the external limit 2 of cross section takes on, in section between points 5 and 6, form of an element of conical section--an element of ellipsis, and the external part of the limit 4 of long section takes on, in section between points 7 and 8, form of an element of conical section--an element of ellipsis. The limit section between points 7 and 8 is longer in length than the limit section between points 5 and 6.

Inventors: | Nikitine; Boris; (Brooklyn, NY) ; Lobko; Vladimir; (City of Jubileiniy, RU) ; Berezovskiy; Igor; (Stint Petersburg, RU)
Serial No.: | 592475
Series Code: | 12
Filed: | November 27, 2009

Current U.S. Class: | 220/669
Class at Publication: | 220/669
International Class: | B65D 1/40 20060101 B65D001/40

Claims

1. The container is realized in a way that it comprises an internal cross-sectional limit and external cross-sectional limit at cross section, and an internal part of a long-sectional limit and external part of the long-sectional limit at long section; with the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, and the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, and differs in a way that the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container are selected from a group comprising as follows: the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of hyperbola and ellipsis, differing in length, and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of hyperbola and ellipsis, differing in length; the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit cut each other.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] Not Applicable

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not Applicable

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX

[0003] Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] A container with a body, when the body has an internal cross-sectional and external cross-sectional limit at cross-section with the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section/Abridgment (abstract) of Patent of the Russian Federation No 2266851-Container, published on Dec. 27, 2005, according to IPC B65D1/00/, can be considered an analogue of the invention.

[0005] A number of features of the analogue similar to features of the invention is as follows: . . . has an internal cross-sectional limit and external cross-sectional limit at cross section, with the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section.

[0006] Difficulty of identification of the analogue when in use and rather low protection against counterfeit are its disadvantages.

[0007] A container realized in a way that it has an internal cross-sectional limit and external cross-sectional limit at cross section, and an internal part of a long-sectional limit and external part of the long-sectional limit at long section with the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, and the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section is a prototype of the invention. The said set of features is similar to features of the invention. The container is additionally equipped with a stopper and a tube connecting the stopper with a cavity in the container body/ U.S. Pat. No. 7,395,949/.

[0008] Disadvantages of the Prototype:

[0009] The prototype is rather hard to be identified when in use due to the fact that the cross-sectional limit is shaped into a circular curve, and the external part of the long-sectional limit is shaped into circular elements and straight lines, commonly used in production of containers by a great number of manufacturers.

[0010] The prototype has rather low protection against counterfeit when it is produced due to the fact that sections of the external cross-sectional limit are shaped into circular curves, and sections of the external part of the long-sectional limit are shaped into straight lines and circular elements, commonly used in production of containers by a great number of manufacturers.

The prototype does not have any constructional directivity of strength properties at long- and cross-sections that makes the process of disposal of the container rather difficult.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The invention concerns production of containers, in particular of metal, plastic, glass, polyethylene, cardboard, paper, wood, laminated material and composite material, and may be applied to production of various types of containers: vessels, packing cases, boxes, drums, tanks etc., when importing or exporting containers, as well as at storage, sale of containers and goods in containers.

[0012] The problem of considerable increase in protection of the container against counterfeit was solved when making invention.

[0013] Solution of the said problem is attributable to the fact that the container is realized in a way that it has an internal cross-sectional limit and external cross-sectional limit at cross section, and an internal part of a long-sectional limit and external part of the long-sectional limit at long section with the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, and the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, and differs from the prototype in a way that the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container are selected from a group comprising as follows:

[0014] a) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters;

[0015] b) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters;

[0016] c) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters;

[0017] d) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters;

[0018] e) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of hyperbola and ellipsis, differing in length, and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of hyperbola and ellipsis, differing in length.

[0019] Therewith, the container is made in way that the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit cut each other.

[0020] Please, find below other versions developing the invention.

[0021] The container may be realized in a way that it has, at another cross-section, an additional section of the external sectional limit, and a section of the external part of the long-sectional limit at another long section; and the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limit take on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0022] The container may be realized in a way that it has, at another cross-section, an additional section of the external sectional limit, and a section of the external part of the long-sectional limit at another long section; and the sections take on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters. These sections may be adjacent to the above described cross- and long-sectional sections or may be located at a certain distance from them.

[0023] The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0024] The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0025] The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of elements of ellipsis and hyperbola, differing in length; and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of ellipsis and hyperbola, differing in length.

[0026] The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of an element of hyperbola; and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of an element of ellipsis; and the said elements of ellipsis and hyperbola differ in length.

[0027] The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of an element of ellipsis; and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola; and the said elements of hyperbola and ellipsis differ in length.

[0028] The container may be realized in way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0029] The container may be realized in way that it has an additional section of the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional section of the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; Technical results of the invention are as follows: [0030] considerable improvement (increase in convenience and accuracy) of identification of the container when in use due to the section of the cross-sectional limit and the section of the long-sectional limit taking on form of conical elements and exclusion of circular elements, as commonly used in production of containers, when forming the said sections of sectional limits; [0031] considerable increase in protection against counterfeit when it is produced due to the section of the external cross-sectional limit and the section of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of various conical elements that are identifiers of container manufacturer and exclusion of circular elements, as commonly used in production of containers, when forming the said sections of sectional limits; [0032] provision for constructional directivity of strength properties of the container at long- and cross-sections easing and cutting time for container disposal (in particular, the container is oriented, when disposed of in a press, in a way that compressive effect of the press takes part in plane with the lowest compressive load resistance of the container).

[0033] Eccentricity and focal parameter completely define a conic section (hyperbola, parabola, and ellipsis).

[0034] The following additional results may be achieved when using the invention: extension of the area of heat exchange of the container with the environment; increase in heat conductivity in a certain point or points of the container surface (e.g., in places of thinning of the body, bottom or neck); use of the container to obtain constructive elements after its destruction in a press; concentration of solar energy falling onto the container in certain places near or on the surface of the container.

[0035] A `section of an external cross-sectional limit` shall mean a section of a cross-sectional limit limiting the cross section on the outside or turned to the outside of the container.

[0036] A `section of an external part of a long-sectional limit` shall mean a section of a long-sectional limit limiting the long section on the outside or turned to the outside of the container. The section of the external part of the long-sectional limit is located on FIG. 9 between points on the sectional limit 51 and 57 and passes through points 51, 52, 45, 46, 47, 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57.

[0037] The section of the internal part of the long-sectional limit is located between points on the sectional limit 51 and 57 and passes through points 51, 74, 76, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, and 57. Points 51 and 57 are limiting points between internal and external parts of the long-sectional limit of the container.

[0038] The container has one internal cross-sectional limit and one external cross-sectional limit in all above described cases.

[0039] Moreover, in order to achieve the abovementioned results, the container may be realized in such a way that at any cross section at least one section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of a conical element, and at any long-section at least one section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of a conical element.

[0040] Use of values of eccentricities and focal parameters as distinctive features of the container allows for use of capabilities of conical sections as identifiers of the container manufacturers to the maximum extent possible.

[0041] In case the above named sections of sectional limits take on form of elements of ellipses, the following requirements should be fulfilled when producing the container: [0042] ratio of length of a larger element of ellipsis to length of a smaller element of ellipsis: from 1.001 to 1000; [0043] ratio of the larger value of the eccentricity of ellipsis to the smaller value of the eccentricity of ellipsis: from 1.001 to 1000000; [0044] ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of ellipsis to the smaller value of the focal parameter of ellipsis: from 1.001 to 1000000. The said procedure shall simplify production of containers and their identification.

[0045] In case the above named sections of sectional limits take on form of elements of hyperbolae, the following requirements should be fulfilled when producing the container: [0046] ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element of hyperbola: from 1.001 to 1000; [0047] ratio of the larger value of the eccentricity of hyperbola to the smaller value of the eccentricity of hyperbola: from 1.001 to 1000000; [0048] ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of hyperbola to the smaller value of the focal parameter of hyperbola: from 1.001 to 1000000. The said procedure shall simplify production of containers and their identification.

[0049] In case the above named sections of sectional limits (cross-sectional and long-sectional limits) take on form of elements of hyperbolae and ellipses, the following requirements should be fulfilled when producing the container: [0050] ratio of the length of an element of larger elongation to the length of an element of smaller elongation: from 1.001 to 1000;

[0051] In case the section of the cross-sectional limit and the section of the external part of the long-sectional limit take on form of elements of hyperbolae and ellipses, the following requirements should be fulfilled when producing the container: [0052] ratio of the length of an element of larger elongation to the length of an element of smaller elongation: from 1.001 to 1000;

[0053] When the section of the sectional limit takes on form of a combination of conical elements, in particular elements of ellipses, elements of hyperbolae, and elements of ellipses and hyperbolae, conical elements should mate seamlessly (pass into each other without any seam), i.e. without any connecting seam. The said feature shall facilitate operation of measuring equipment.

Containers claimed in the invention are designed for storage and transportation of various kinds of products, substances, articles, and goods; identification of the container manufacturer; and disposal after using. Claimed containers take on forms of vessels, packing case, boxes, drums, tanks etc., and grant higher protection against counterfeit, simplification and cheapening of production of containers with irregular shape of cross-section, and facilitation of disposal.

[0054] Life cycle of containers comprises three stages: production, usage, and disposal. Please, find the stages revealed in detail in terms of identifiers and identification below.

[0055] First Stage: Production of Containers.

[0056] Manufacturing process of containers comprises processes of manufacture of accessories and tooling for production of containers, preparation of raw materials and the very process of manufacture of containers.

[0057] An identifier or identifiers are introduced during the manufacturing process of containers or after.

[0058] An `identifier` shall mean an attribute used for identification of an identifiable object, in particular a container produced by a certain manufacturer at a certain place of production. The manufacturer shall be identified according to an identifier or a number of identifiers, and, with the manufacturer known, conditions and peculiarities of his production, materials and means of manufacture of the container shall be defined. There may be several, tens, hundreds, thousands of identifiers in the container and more. The more identifiers are introduced to the structure of a container, the more difficult it is to counterfeit the container.

[0059] Identifiers shall include as follows: [0060] stamp or seal affixed on container surface. A trademark may be affixed as an imprint. Appearance of a label glued on the container and information on the label; [0061] colour or colour shade of the container; [0062] type of a raw material used for manufacture of the container, unique additives and fillers of all kinds; [0063] design features of manufacture of the container, in particular, irregularly shaped surface (irregular form of a section).

[0064] Design features are input by accessories and instrumentation used for manufacture of the container at manufacturer's works. Design features shall include as follows: [0065] irregular shape of the container (or an element of the container), in particular extended neck, narrowing on container body, deepening on the body for a label of irregular configuration, flattening of the body, type of neck collar etc.; [0066] specific values of corner radiuses (that are not used by any other manufacturers), specific values of body and neck lengths (that are not used by any other manufacturers), specific values of capacity (that are not used by any other manufacturers) etc.; [0067] type and class of surface treatment, mat surfaces, surfaces with high reflective properties, treatment of the surface with unique instrument; [0068] use of curves or combinations of curves of second order for forming of the sectional limit of the container. The more sophisticated the combination of curves, the more reliable the identification, and the more difficult it is to counterfeit the container of such manufacturer. Sections of various devices of sophisticated configuration are shown in references /2-20/; [0069] exclusion of circular curves and circular elements when forming certain sectional limits of the container. Circular elements are currently commonly used for formation of sectional limits of containers. Exclusion of circular elements when forming certain sectional limits of the container and use of such elements instead as hyperbolae and ellipses is an effective identifier, i.e. a distinctive feature of the manufacturer and manufacture of the container.

[0070] Second Stage: Use of Containers.

[0071] Use of a container starts with incoming control at a facility using such container for, for example, filling it with any product. Identification of the container is performed in the course of incoming control. The main task of the incoming control is detection of rejected containers, containers with defects, and counterfeit containers (e.g., containers of back-yard production made of low-quality raw material but reminding of a container of a renowned manufacturer in the form).

[0072] `Identification` shall mean matching of an identifiable object (article) with its image (identifying sign), and in our case--determination whether a certain sample of the container was made by a certain manufacturer according to the identifier of such manufacturer introduced to the structure of container body in the course of its production.

[0073] Instruments and devices, such as measuring devices (calibrating devices, rules, slide callipers, micrometer callipers, 3D measuring machines), magnifiers, microscopes, weighs, measuring tanks etc. A mathematical tools technique shown in section `Embodiment of Invention` is used for processing of obtained results.

[0074] A container (container with a product) may be stored and transported when in use. The container is exposed to load action in the process of transportation.

[0075] In case the container does not meet quality standard, it can be destructed in the process of transportation.

[0076] Any claims related to the destruction shall be addressed to the manufacturer. The manufacturer or appointed committee shall perform identification of the destructed container and shall determine whether a certain sample of the destructed container was made by this manufacturer or this container was manufactured at other factory. Payer of damages to a consumer of the container shall be defined according to results of the identification.

[0077] Third Stage: Disposal of Containers.

[0078] After use of the product contained in the container for its intended purpose, the container shall be returned to containers receiving point for further disposal. The container shall be disposed of by means of destruction under press and grinding. Raw material obtained after destruction and grinding shall be delivered to a manufacturer for manufacture of containers.

[0079] Currently information about container manufacturer is usually contained in a tag, label, certificate or is encoded into impress (stamp or bar code) affixed onto container surface. However, the tag, label, certificate or impress may be simply counterfeited. It is rather difficult to counterfeit information produced by a laser under a surface coat of a container (glass bottle) using a technique described in Abridgement of Patent of the Russian Federation 2124988 published on Jan. 20, 1999. Such mark is invisible to an unaided eye. It can be seen in polarized light only. Over sophistication and expensiveness of equipment is a disadvantage of the technique. Investigations performed in the course of development of this invention show that it is difficult to counterfeit peculiarities of the shape of the container introduced simultaneously into long and cross sections of the container with accessories and tooling used for production of the container by the manufacturer. And the said means of protection of containers against counterfeit is nowadays the most effective and perspective in terms of improvement.

[0080] The claimed invention provides considerable increase in protection of the container against counterfeit when it is produced due to the section of the external cross-sectional limit and the section of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of various conical elements that are identifiers of the container manufacturer, i.e. features for distinction of the container made by this certain manufacture from containers made at any other production facility. Therewith, total elongation of sections of sectional limits with identifiers may be rather increased as compared to conditions when the identifier is located on the cross-sectional limit only.

[0081] Detailed description of identifiers located on the cross-sectional limit only is provided in Abridgement of Patent of the Russian Federation No 2266851 published on Dec. 27, 2005 (date Application published: Dec. 20, 2004).

[0082] The claimed invention elaborates upon the theme of improvement of manufacture of containers with irregular shape of their surface and introduction of an identifier or identifiers taking on form of various conical elements differing in length into structure of the container, in particular to container long and cross section simultaneously.

[0083] It is a good practice to introduce the identifier into a shape of long and cross sections or shape of a limit of long and cross sections of the container, as long as the sectional limit is specified in the process of shaping operations when producing the container. It is a good practice to place the identifier on the external cross-sectional limit and the external part of the long-sectional limit in form of combination of various elements of ellipses, or hyperbolae, or ellipses and hyperbolae, therewith excluding circular elements commonly used in production of containers. The fact that it is difficult to produce a cross section in form of a circular curve, and that it is difficult to place and identify the identifier in form of a circular curve is shown below.

[0084] Increase in convenience and accuracy of identification of containers when in use is achieved due to production of identifiers on the outer surface of the container simultaneously on the cross-sectional limit and the external part of the long-sectional limit taking form of various conical elements. In the course of identification, the container may be located inside a larger container, for example a container in the form of a bottle is located inside a packing case. And it is not always convenient to measure parameters of container-bottle cross section on any of its sections, for example when a section of container body with the identifier is shielded by an element of the packing case. Such being the case, the container-bottle has to be removed from the packing case taking some time. In order to eliminate such disadvantage, the identifier is produced not only at cross section of the container, but at long section as well. A person responsible for identification does so at cross-, long-section or both sections depending on capabilities of access to the container. If necessary, the container is turned around its long axis. Thus, considerable improvement of identification of the container when in use is achieved.

[0085] An ellipsis is a conic section with its eccentricity (in polar coordinates) of, e.g. from 0.00001 to 0.99999 (i.e. values that are larger than zero but smaller than one). A hyperbola is a conic section with its eccentricity, e.g. from 1.00001 to 1000000 (i.e. values that are larger than one). A parabola is a conic section with its eccentricity equaling to 1. A circular curve is a conic section as well and its eccentricity equals to 0.

[0086] When entering the identifier (for example, in a mould with a software-controlled milling machine) a minor inaccuracy is always allowed. For example, the process of entering of a circular element into cross section may be implemented with 1% inaccuracy. Then the eccentricity may equal to 0.01 at identification of the container (performance of measurements, identification of curves and calculation of the eccentricity). But this value is larger than 0, and the figure at cross section is identified as an ellipsis. The process of entering of a parabola into cross section may be implemented with 1% inaccuracy as well. Then the eccentricity may equal to 0.99 at identification of the container. But this value is smaller than 1, and the figure at cross section is identified as an ellipsis.

[0087] In order to avoid similar errors and increase efficiency of identification process, only elements or combinations of elements of ellipses and hyperbola should be used for identification of containers, therewith the eccentricity of ellipsis to be set in range, e.g. from 0.01 (far away from 0 value) up to, e.g. 0.99, and from 1.01 with hyperbola.

[0088] Currently available 3D measuring machines (for example, QM-M333, EGX-30, MINITRICOORD, TRICOORD) allow for performance of measurements with maximum size up to 2500 mm and minimum size 10 mm.

[0089] In case of commercial implementation of the invention, every plant or factory in the country shall be assigned a unique combination of elements of various ellipses and hyperbolae with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters in certain points on the cross-sectional limit and long-sectional limit.

[0090] Thus and so considerable improvement (increase in convenience and accuracy) of identification of the container when in use is achieved due to the section of the cross-sectional limit and the section of the long-sectional limit taking on form of conical elements and exclusion of circular elements, as commonly used in production of containers, when forming the said sections of sectional limits.

[0091] Simplification of production of containers with irregular shaped body is achieved by exclusion of circular curves or circular elements when forming long and cross section of the container (or, in other words, outlines of the container).

[0092] State-of-the-art PET-manufacturing techniques assume use of a mould /1/. Therewith, working areas of moulds are made with limits of cross sections taking form of circular elements and limits of long sections taking form of straight lines and circular elements. Such moulds may be manufactured with a CNC machine with installed software suitable for geometrical figures in form of circular curves.

[0093] Equipment used for manufacture of containers with limits of cross sections taking on form of circular curves, in particular for production of moulds, should have highest accuracy rate. () CNC lathe machine of enhanced accuracy can be used for production of moulds for containers circular at cross section. This machine is designated for processing of outer and inner surfaces of parts like bodies of rotation with stepped or non-straight line of various complexities. The machine is equipped with a CNC, synchronous drives, feed drive motors and Lenze variable frequency driver, and electric-powered drive of the turret. Accuracy rating: "" according to State Standard of Russia 8-82 (). Specifications: maximum diameter of processed article above toolhead--125 mm, maximum length of processed article--500 mm, minimum programmable movement of toolhead lengthwise and edgewise--0.001 mm. A version of this machine with accuracy index "B" according to State Standard of Russia 8-82 (8-82) is available.

[0094] Practice of manufacture and checking of the shape of glass containers demonstrates that a number of manufacturers of containers produce containers with a circular cross section. However, costs, in particular time spent for production of such containers are much higher than time required for manufacture of containers with cross-section taking on form of elements of ellipses or hyperbolae.

[0095] Well-known (6M612.phi.11) CNC milling and boring machine with quite low accuracy rating may be used for manufacture of moulds for containers that do not have any circular elements at cross and long sections, but have only elements of ellipses and hyperbolae at cross and long sections. This machine is designated for processing of outer and inner surfaces of parts like bodies of rotation with stepped or non-straight line of various complexities including elliptical and hyperbolic sections.

[0096] PNC 300 3D milling machine may be used for creation of sophisticated surfaces of moulds as well. The machine is equipped with a computer for 3D modelling of processed surface, and a milling installation for fast production of modelled moulds.

[0097] This machine provides maximum processing speed of surface 3.6 m/min along X and Y axes and 1.8 m/min along Z axis, programmable resolution 0.01 mm/step and mechanical resolution 0.00125 mm/step.

[0098] Practical use of the machine proves its high capabilities of reproducing of any curved surfaces in metallic (plastic, glass, wooden and other) materials.

[0099] Time for production of a mould with elements of hyperbolae and ellipses at cross and long section using this machine is shorter than time for production of a mould with circular curves at sections.

[0100] Machines used in the Russian Federation are described above. Any other machines with similar characteristics may be used for working of the invention in the United States of America and the EU members.

[0101] As can be seen from the above, realization of sections of sectional limits in form of circular curves leads to complication of the containers manufacture process. Circular elements (as well as parabolas) may not be used as identifiers, as long as manufacturing errors cause errors in identification.

[0102] When manufacturing containers according to the claimed invention, constructional directivity of strength properties of containers is provided at long and cross sections simplifying the process of disposal of containers by means of pressing. Containers are oriented in a press, when disposed of, in a way that compressive effect of the press occurs in plane with the lowest compressive load resistance of body of containers. Realization of limits of sections taking on forms of elements of conical sections leads to local thinning or thickening of container walls. The point of wall thinning is the point where compressive force should be applied at disposal. The point of thinning is characterised with the highest possibility of destruction of the container. The point of wall thickening is as well the point where compressive force should be applied at disposal, since compressive force shall be concentrated at that exact point.

[0103] Realization of sections of sectional limits in form of elements of ellipses and hyperbolae results that the section shall have an axis (A axis) in regard to which second area moment at bending shall be maximum and an axis (B axis) in regard to which second area moment at bending shall be minimum. At disposal, the force shall be applied to containers in direction that is parallel to A axis and perpendicular to B axis. In such a case the container offers minimum bending resistance in this section leading to decrease of force for destruction of the container and power consumption for disposal of the container.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

[0104] FIG. 1 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis.

[0105] FIG. 1A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 1. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis.

[0106] FIG. 2 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of hyperbola.

[0107] FIG. 2A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 2. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element of hyperbola.

[0108] FIG. 3 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of ellipses.

[0109] FIG. 3A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 3. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of ellipses.

[0110] FIG. 4 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of hyperbolae.

[0111] FIG. 4A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 4. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of hyperbolae.

[0112] FIG. 5 Shows long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis and an element of hyperbola.

[0113] FIG. 5A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 5. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis and an element of hyperbola.

[0114] FIG. 6 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis.

[0115] FIG. 6A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 6. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element of hyperbola.

[0116] FIG. 7 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of hyperbola.

[0117] FIG. 7A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 7. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis.

[0118] FIG. 8 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of ellipses.

[0119] FIG. 8A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 8. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of hyperbolae.

[0120] FIG. 9 Show long section of a container. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of hyperbolae.

[0121] FIG. 9A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 9. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of ellipses.

[0122] FIG. 10 Show a mould for container manufacture.

[0123] FIG. 10A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 10 of a mould for container manufacture.

[0124] FIG. 11 Show a cross-sectional limit obtained as a result of container identification. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of various ellipses with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0125] FIG. 12 Show a cross-sectional limit obtained as a result of container identification. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of various ellipses with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0126] FIG. 13 Show an element of the external part of the long-sectional limit obtained as a result of container (flask) identification. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit (on the depicted element) takes on form of two elements of various ellipses with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0127] FIG. 14 Show an element of the external part of the long-sectional limit obtained as a result of container (flask) identification. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit (on the depicted element) takes on form of two elements of various ellipses with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0128] FIG. 15 Show an element of the external part of the long-sectional limit obtained as a result of container (large-capacity bottle) identification. A section of the external part of the long-sectional limit (on the depicted element) takes on form of two elements of various hyperbolae with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0129] According to the invention (pls. see FIG. 1), the container is made in a way that it has, at cross section (pls. see FIG. 1A), the internal limit 1 of cross section and the external limit 2 of cross section, and has, at long-section, the internal part of the limit 3 of long section and the external part of the limit 4 of long section. Therewith, the external limit 2 of cross section takes on, in section between points 5 and 6, form of an element of conical section--an element of ellipsis, and the external part of the limit 4 of long section takes on, in section between points 7 and 8, form of an element of conical section--an element of ellipsis. The limit section between points 7 and 8 is longer in length than the limit section between points 5 and 6. The abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit and the section of the external part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on form of various elements of various ellipses with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0130] The container (pls. see FIG. 2 and FIG. 2A) comprises a section between points 11 and 12 of the external cross-sectional limit and additionally comprises a section between points 9 and 10 of the external part of the long-sectional limit. The section located between points 9 and 10 is longer in length than the section located between points 11 and 12. These sections take on form of various hyperbolae with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters. A-A section is turned around 90.degree. on FIG. 2A.

[0131] The container (pls. see FIG. 3 and FIG. 3A) comprises a section consisting of adjacent (running into one another) element of ellipsis between points 16 and 17 and element of ellipsis between points 17 and 18 of the external cross-sectional limit. These elements differ in length and have different eccentricities and focal parameters. Moreover, the container comprises a section between points 13 and 15 of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, located between points 13 and 14, and points 14 and 15.

[0132] The container (pls. see FIG. 4 and FIG. 4A) comprises a section between points 22 and 24 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length (an element between points 22 and 23, and an element between points 23 and 24). These elements have different eccentricities and focal parameters. Moreover, the container comprises a section between points 19 and 21 of the external part of the long-sectional limit. This section takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae (an element between points 19 and 20, and an element between points 20 and 21), differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters. A-A section is turned around 90.degree. on FIG. 4A.

[0133] The container (pls. see FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A) comprises a section between points 28 and 30 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of elements of hyperbola (an element between points 28 and 29) and ellipsis (an element between points 29 and 30), differing in length. Moreover, the container comprises a section between points 25 and 27 of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of hyperbola (an element between points 26 and 27) and ellipsis (an element between points 26 and 25), differing in length. A-A section is turned around 90.degree. on FIG. 5A.

[0134] The container (pls. see FIG. 6 and FIG. 6A) comprises a section between points 33 and 34 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola; and comprises a section between points 31 and 32 of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of an element of ellipsis; and the said elements of ellipsis and hyperbola differ in length. The element of ellipsis is twice bigger in length than the element of hyperbola. A-A section is turned around 90.degree. on FIG. 6A.

[0135] The container (pls. see FIG. 7 and FIG. 7A) comprises a section between points 37 and 38 on the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of ellipsis; and comprises a section between points 35 and 36 of the external part on the long-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola; and the said elements of hyperbola and ellipsis differ in length. The element of hyperbola is twice bigger in length than the element of ellipsis.

[0136] The container (pls. see FIG. 8 and FIG. 8A) comprises a section between points 42 and 44 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae (an element of hyperbola between points 42 and 43 and an element of hyperbola between points 43 and 44), differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; and comprises a section between points 39 and 41 of the external part on the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various ellipses (an element of ellipsis between points 39 and 40, and an element of ellipsis between points 40 and 41), differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters. A-A section is turned around 90.degree. on FIG. 8A.

[0137] The container (pls. see FIG. 9 and FIG. 9A) comprises a section between points 48 and 50 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various ellipses (an element of ellipsis between points 48 and 49 and an element of ellipsis between points 49 and 50), differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; and comprises a section between points 45 and 47 of the external part on the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various hyperbolae (an element of hyperbola between points 45 and 46, and an element of hyperbola between points 46 and 47), differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

[0138] If there are technical capabilities, the invention may be extended in a way that the identifier shall be placed onto internal surface (pls. see FIG. 9). In such a case (pls. see FIG. 9) the container comprises an additional section between points 58 and 64, and between points 65 and 66 of the internal part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of various ellipses and hyperbolae (an element of ellipsis between points 58 and 59, an element of ellipsis between points 59 and 60, an element of ellipsis between points 60 and 61, an element of ellipsis between points 63 and 64, an element of ellipsis between points 65 and 66, an element of hyperbola between points 61 and 62, and an element of hyperbola between points 62 and 63), differing in length. The container additionally comprises a section between points 67 and 73 taking on form of elements of ellipses (between points 67 and 68, 68 and 69, 69 and 70, 70 and 71), as well as elements of hyperbolae (between points 71 and 72, and 72 and 73) on the internal cross-sectional limit. The abovementioned elements of ellipses on the internal cross-sectional limit and the internal part of the long-sectional limit have different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the above-mentioned elements of hyperbolae have different values of eccentricities and focal parameters. Therewith, all elements of ellipses and hyperbolae differ in length.

[0139] The container (pls. see FIG. 9 and FIG. 9A) is made in a way that a section between points 48 and 50 of the external cross-sectional limit and a section between points 52 and 47 of the external part of the long-sectional limit cut each other. Sections cut point is marked by position 75.

[0140] The container (pls. see FIG. 9 and FIG. 9A) is made in a way that a section between points 67 and 73 of the internal cross-sectional limit and a section between points 74 and 64 of the internal part of the long-sectional limit cut each other. Sections cut point is marked by position 76.

[0141] A mould (pls. see FIG. 10 and FIG. 10A) is produced for manufacture of containers by means of, e.g. blowing into the mould. The mould models the container. Limit sections between points 83 and 84, and 85 and 86 at A-A cross section of the mould take on forms of elements of ellipses. The length of the section between points 83 and 84 constitutes 47% of the length of the section limit. The length of the section between points 85 and 86 constitutes 53% of the length of the section limit. The said sections take on form of elements of various ellipses (ellipses have different eccentricities and focal parameters).

[0142] Limit sections between points 79 and 80, and 81 and 82 at long section of the mould take on forms of elements of ellipses. The length of the section between points 79 and 80 constitutes 11% of the length of the section limit. The length of the section between points 81 and 82 constitutes 3% of the length of the section limit. The said sections take on form of elements of various ellipses (ellipses have different eccentricities and focal parameters). The mould is produced by means of milling of container form in metallic plates 77 and 78. Plates 77 and 78 are interconnected with dowels 87 and 88 and dowel holes 89 and 90. Outlines and limits of sections are made without any circular elements.

[0143] Eccentricity is a dimensionless value. Focal parameters and lengths of curve elements are stated in millimetres (mm) in the application.

[0144] Please, find specific cases of working of the invention below.

[0145] The container (pls. see FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A) is made in a way that the external limit 2 of cross section in a section between points 5 and 6 takes on form of an element of ellipsis of 10 mm length with the eccentricity of 0.8 and focal parameter of 2 mm. The external part of the limit 4 of long section in a section between points 7 and 8 takes on form of an element of ellipsis of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 0.5 and focal parameter of 40 mm. A section between points 5 and 6 takes on form of container inflection. A section between points 7 and 8 takes on form of container inflexion.

[0146] The container (pls. see FIG. 2) comprises a section located between points 9 and 10 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 12 and focal parameter of 5 mm. The container (pls. see FIG. 2A) comprises a section located between points 11 and 12 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 13 mm length with the eccentricity of 10 and focal parameter of 15 mm.

[0147] The container (pls. see FIG. 3 and FIG. 3A) comprises a section consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 16 and 17. The length of the element equals to 10 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.85 and focal parameter equals to 5 mm. The container comprises a section consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 18 and 17. The length of the equals to 9 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.75 and focal parameter equals to 4 mm.

[0148] Moreover, the container comprises a section consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 13 and 14. The length of the equals to 17 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.93 and focal parameter equals to 60 mm. The container as well comprises a section consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 14 and 15. The length of the equals to 8.5 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.55 and focal parameter equals to 3.5 mm. A section between points 15 and 14 takes on form of container outward deflection. A section between points 17 and 16 takes on form of container outward deflection.

[0149] The container (pls. see FIG. 4 and FIG. 4A) comprises a section between points 22 and 23 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.5 and focal parameter of 55 mm. The container as well comprises a section between points 24 and 23 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.2 and focal parameter of 35 mm. Moreover, the container comprises a section between points 19 and 20 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 37 mm length with the eccentricity of 35 and focal parameter of 85 mm. The container as well comprises a section between points 20 and 21 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 45 mm length with the eccentricity of 70 and focal parameter of 55 mm.

[0150] The container (pls. see FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A) comprises a section of the limit between points 28 and 29 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.2 and focal parameter of 35 mm. The container comprises a section of the limit between points 30 and 29 taking on form of an element of ellipsis of 25 mm length with the eccentricity of 0.2 and focal parameter of 185 mm. Moreover, the container comprises a section of the limit between points 26 and 27 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 3.2 and focal parameter of 12.5 mm. The container as well comprises a section of the limit between points 25 and 26 taking on form of an element of ellipsis of 26 mm length with the eccentricity of 0.34 and focal parameter of 75 mm.

[0151] The container (pls. see FIG. 6 and FIG. 6A) comprises a section between points 33 and 34 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.2 and focal parameter of 35 mm; and comprises a section between points 31 and 32 of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of an element of ellipsis of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 0.34 and focal parameter of 75 mm.

[0152] The container (pls. see FIG. 7 and FIG. 7A) comprises a section between points 37 and 38 on the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of ellipsis. The length of the element equals to 9 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.75 and focal parameter equals to 4 mm. Moreover, the container comprises a section between points 35 and 36 on the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 37 mm length with the eccentricity of 35 and focal parameter of 85 mm.

[0153] The container (pls. see FIG. 8 and FIG. 10A) comprises a section between points 42 and 43 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.5 and focal parameter of 55 mm. The container as well comprises a section between points 43 and 44 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.2 and focal parameter of 35 mm. Moreover, the container comprises a section consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 39 and 40. The length of the element equals to 17 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.93 and focal parameter equals to 60 mm. The container as well comprises a section consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 40 and 41. The length of the element equals to 8.5 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.55 and focal parameter equals to 3.5 mm.

[0154] The container may be realized in a way that the external limit of the cross section of the container in one of its sections may take on form of at least two elements of various ellipses that differ in length (with focal parameters of 10 mm and 100 mm), with ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis being in range from 1.001 to 1000. For example, the length of a larger element of ellipsis may equal to 1.001 mm, and the length of a smaller element of ellipsis may equal to 1.000 mm. Ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis shall at that constitute 1.001. The length of a larger element of ellipsis may equal to 1000 mm, and the length of a smaller element of ellipsis may equal to 1.000 mm. Then ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis shall constitute 1000.

[0155] The container may be realized in a way that at cross section the external sectional limit may take, at least in one of its sections, on form of at least two elements of ellipses differing in length with different values of eccentricities (e.g. with values: 0.000000999 and 0.999, or with values: 0.999 and 0.998). Then ratio of the larger value of the eccentricity of ellipsis to the smaller value of the eccentricity of ellipsis shall constitute 1000000 and 1.001 accordingly.

[0156] The external limit of the cross section of the container on one of its sections may take on form of at least two elements of various hyperbolae that differ in length, with ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to length of a smaller element of hyperbola being in range from 1.001 to 1000. For example, the length of a larger element of hyperbola may equal to 1.001 mm, and the length of a smaller element of hyperbola may equal to 1.000 mm. Then ratio of the length of the larger element of hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of hyperbola shall constitute 1.001. The length of a larger element of hyperbola may equal to 1000 mm, and the length of a smaller element of hyperbola may equal to 1.000 mm. Then ratio of the length of the larger element of hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of hyperbola shall constitute 1000.

[0157] The length of the section of the (long or cross) sectional limit may constitute `I`. And the length of the sectional limit may constitute `L`. Therewith, `I` shall be determined according to formula as follows:

0.0001L.ltoreq.I<0.99L.

[0158] The length of a conical element (an element of ellipsis or an element of hyperbola) at cross or long section may constitute `K`. Therewith, `K` shall be determined according to formula as follows:

0.0001L.ltoreq.K<0.99L.

[0159] The container may be realized in a way that at cross section the external sectional limit may take on, at least in one of its sections, form of at least two elements of hyperbolae differing in length with different values of eccentricities (e.g. with values: 1.1 and 1.0989, or with values: 1.1 and 1100000). Then ratio of the larger value of the eccentricity of hyperbola to the smaller value of the eccentricity of hyperbola shall constitute 1.001 and 1000000 accordingly.

[0160] The container may be realized in a way that the focus of a conical element (ellipsis, or hyperbola) is located in the area limited with the long-sectional limit or the internal and the external cross-sectional limits of the container. This can serve as an additional identifier.

[0161] The container may be realized in a way that the focus of a conical element (ellipsis, or hyperbola) is located beyond the area limited with the long-sectional limit or the internal and the external cross-sectional limits of the container. This can serves as an additional identifier.

[0162] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis constitutes 1.001, i.e. the length of the larger element of ellipsis equals to 1.001 mm and the length of the smaller element of ellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0163] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis constitutes 10, i.e. the length of the larger element of ellipsis equals to 10 mm and the length of the smaller element of ellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0164] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis constitutes 100, i.e. the length of the larger element of ellipsis equals to 100 mm and the length of the smaller element of ellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0165] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis constitutes 1000, i.e. the length of the larger element of ellipsis equals to 1000 mm and the length of the smaller element of ellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0166] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of ellipsis to a smaller eccentricity of ellipsis constitutes 1.001, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 0.29, and the larger eccentricity equals to 0.29029. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0167] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of ellipsis to a smaller eccentricity of ellipsis constitutes 100, i.e. the larger eccentricity equals to 0.29, and the smaller eccentricity equals to 0.0029. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0168] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of ellipsis to a smaller eccentricity of ellipsis constitutes 1000000, i.e. the larger eccentricity equals to 0.99, and the smaller eccentricity equals to 0.00000099.

[0169] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element of hyperbola constitutes 1.001, i.e. the length of the larger element of hyperbola equals to 1.001 mm and the length of the smaller element of hyperbola equals to 1 mm.

[0170] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element of hyperbola constitutes 10, i.e. the length of the larger element of hyperbola equals to 10 mm and the length of the smaller element of hyperbola equals to 1 mm.

[0171] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element of hyperbola constitutes 100, i.e. the length of the larger element of hyperbola equals to 100 mm and the length of the smaller element of hyperbola equals to 1 mm.

[0172] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element of hyperbola constitutes 1000, i.e. the length of the larger element of hyperbola equals to 1000 mm and the length of the smaller element of hyperbola equals to 1 mm.

[0173] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbola constitutes 1.001, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and the larger eccentricity equals to 10.01.

[0174] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbola constitutes 10, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and the larger eccentricity equals to 100.

[0175] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbola constitutes 100, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 100, and the larger eccentricity equals to 10000.

[0176] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbola constitutes 10000, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and the larger eccentricity equals to 1000000. Seamless connection of elements is provided at that.

[0177] The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a larger eccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbola constitutes 1000000, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and the larger eccentricity equals to 10000000.

[0178] Presence of difference in the abovementioned parameters allows for efficient container identification.

[0179] The invention shall be utilized in a way as follows:

[0180] A container produced using the invention shall comprise at cross section the external and internal cross-sectional limits, as well as the external and internal parts of the long-sectional limit. One of sections of the external limit shall take on form of a combination of, e.g. elements of various ellipses differing in length, or elements of various hyperbolae differing in length, or elements of various ellipses and hyperbolae differing in length. Moreover, one of sections of the external part of the long-sectional limit shall take on form of a combination of, e.g. elements of various ellipses differing in length, or elements of various hyperbolae differing in length, or elements of various ellipses and hyperbolae differing in length.

[0181] Location of sections on sectional limits, number of elements, their lengths, and parameters of curves (eccentricity and focal parameter), locations of focuses relative to cross section (the focus is located inside the cross section, or the focus is located outside the cross section) are identifiers of the container manufacturer. Moreover, information about container properties, exporter or importer, a substance put into the container may be encoded with the help of the above described sections on cross-sectional limits of the container.

[0182] After manufacture of the container and its intended use, examination, i.e. identification, is performed.

[0183] According to research in the field of recognition and identification of curves, a curve located in plane (or at section) may be divided into sections in a way that every section shall be adequately (with 1% inaccuracy for 3D machines like CRYST-APEX C544, CRYST-APEX C574, CRYST-APEX C9166 etc.) approximated by a straight line or a curve line of second order (hyperbola, parabola, ellipsis, or circular curve).

[0184] Identification of the container shape shall be performed according to measuring of coordinates of cross and long sections. Every section of the sectional limit shall be approximated by a curve of second order by N points with coordinates: x.sub.i, y.sub.i, where i=1, . . . N. Measuring of coordinates of sectional points shall be performed with a measuring device, in particular a 3D measuring machine. Such 3D measuring machines as CRYST-APEX C544, CRYST-APEX C574, CRYST-APEX C9166, or CRYST-APEX C123010 with 1 to 3 .mu.m measuring inaccuracy, or UPMC 850 by Zeiss with 1 to 1.5 .mu.m measuring inaccuracy may be used for this purpose.

[0185] Determination of the geometrical shape of the container shall be performed according to a complex of measurements of orthogonal coordinates of the container profile X.sub.i, Y.sub.i, i=1, . . . N, where N--number of measurements. Identification should result in discovery of mathematical representation of the sectional limit (profile) of the container, sections of the sectional limit (profiles) serving as identifiers and being curves of second order. Measurement of coordinates of points of the sectional limit (profile) shall be performed with a 3D measuring machine with high dimensional resolution (and accuracy, accordingly), for example from 100 to 500 points per millimetre. Existence of inaccuracy and natural roughness shall be accounted for in processing algorithms of measurement information.

[0186] Algorithm for the container identification shall comprise stages as follows:

[0187] 1. Smoothing of measurement of coordinates of sectional (cross- or long-sectional) profile curve of the container /21/.

[0188] Smoothing shall be carried out in order to derive estimation of expectation of sectional profile of the container. Estimation of expectation (average value) of the profile shall be calculated in accordance with formulae as follows:

m h ( x ) = N - 1 i = 1 N K h ( x - X i ) Y i N - 1 i = 1 N K h ( x - X i ) , ##EQU00001##

where K.sub.h(u)--Gaussian kernel, h--scale parameter

K h ( u ) = ( 2 .pi. ) - 1 / 2 exp ( - u 2 2 ) ##EQU00002##

[0189] 2. Section of the profile curve, which is the identifier, shall be described by the equation of second order as follows /24/:

G(x,y)=p.sub.1x.sup.2+2p.sub.2xy+p.sub.3y.sup.2+2p.sub.4x+2p.sub.5y+1=0

[0190] A system of N equations, set according to results of measurement of orthogonal coordinates of the profile X.sub.i, Y.sub.i; i=1, . . . N, taking on form as follows /22/:

Ap=b,

where matrix A=[q.sub.1, q.sub.2, . . . q.sub.N].sup.T, vector p=[p.sub.1, p.sub.2, p.sub.3, p.sub.4, p.sub.5].sup.T, column bit vector q.sub.i=[X.sub.i.sup.2, 2X.sub.iY.sub.i, Y.sub.i.sup.2, 2X.sub.i, 2Y.sub.i].sup.T, vector b=[-1, -1, . . . -1] of N length, shall be solved in order to derive estimation of parameters of the curve of second order a, b, c, d, e.

[0191] Solution of the system of equations using LS technique with QR-factorization of matrix A=QR shall be written as follows /23/:

p=R.sup.-1Q.sup.Tb

[0192] 3. Invariants of curves of second order shall be calculated /24/:

I = p 1 + p 3 ##EQU00003## D = p 1 p 2 p 2 p 3 ##EQU00003.2## C = p 1 p 2 p 4 p 2 p 3 p 5 p 4 p 5 1 ##EQU00003.3##

[0193] Shape of profile curve section shall be defined depending of fulfillment of conditions:

D > 0 and C I < 0 ##EQU00004##

--profile curve section--ellipsis, D<0--profile curve section--hyperbola, D=0--profile curve section--parabola,

D > 0 and C I < 0 and I 2 = 4 D ##EQU00005##

--profile curve section--circular curve.

[0194] Then, with application of known transformations /24/, consisting in introduction of a new system of coordinates, general equation of the curve of second order may be reduced to standard or canonical form. Canonical equation of any non-degenerate curve of second order may be put in the form as follows /24/:

y.sup.2=2px-(1-e.sup.2)x.sup.2

[0195] In this equation `e` parameter means eccentricity, and `p` means focal parameter.

[0196] The length of arc of the curve equals to as follows:

S = .intg. a b 1 + y '2 x , ##EQU00006##

[0197] where y'--first order derivative of the function describing the arc of the curve in Cartesian system of coordinates, x=a and x=b--x-coordinates of points between which the length is defined.

[0198] Such identification process takes minutes. In case not the sought element of the curve is recognized, but any other curve, e.g. parabola, a conclusion on counterfeit of the container is made. In general, any curve of N-order may be used as manufacturer's identifier, however, use of ellipsis and hyperbola specifically is the most effective due to the fact that such curves were known and thoroughly studied long ago. Values of eccentricities of such curves shall be defined according to ranges, but not unit values as with circular curves and parabolas.

[0199] Let's take as an example a container--a plastic bottle of capacity, e.g. 0.251. The container holds manufacturer's identifier at cross section (in central part of the body) on the external limit of the section: a section of length constituting 5% of the length of the external sectional limit takes on form of a combination of two elements of ellipses (one of length constituting 2% of the length of the external sectional limit, and another of length constituting 3% of the length of the external sectional limit), focus of first and second elements of ellipsis is beyond the cross-section. Eccentricities of ellipses equal to 0.10 and 0.20 differing by exactly two times. It is very difficult to make such identifier under conditions of back-yard production of containers, which increases protection of the container against counterfeit, and decreases risk of unreasonable recovery of penalties for a legitimate manufacturer for alleged low quality of the container produced by such manufacturer.

[0200] Please, find below a number of specific examples of entering of the identifier to the container when it is manufactured at A facility, and its identification. Notation of a manufacturing facility is conventional.

[0201] 1. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of the limit of certain cross section (pls. see FIG. 11) in certain place in the shape of two elements of different curves.

[0202] The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements of such curves: [0203] first element of the curve (between points 94 and 95) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.165, elongation L=14.35 mm, focal parameter p=15.86 mm. [0204] second element of the curve (between points 94 and 97) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.55, elongation L=9.1 mm, focal parameter p=16.25 mm.

[0205] The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% when identifying all these parameters.

[0206] According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible for identification of the container carried out determination of geometrical shape of the cross section according to a complex of measurements of orthogonal coordinates of the cross section (profile).

[0207] It was defined in the course of identification that the first element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

156.642x.sup.2+3.456xy+153.741y.sup.2+251.574x-192.022y-10000=0.

e=0.17, L=14.2 mm, p=15.835 mm.

[0208] It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

99.007x.sup.2+15.692xy+119.202y.sup.2+335.756x-185.861y-10000=0.

e=0.54, L=9.0 mm, p=16.224 mm.

[0209] Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed 3%.

[0210] The cross-sectional limit of the container is marked by position 93 on FIG. 11, where the identifier is located. Ellipsis passing trough points 94 and 95 is marked by position 96. Ellipsis passing trough points 94 and 97 is marked by position 98.

[0211] Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been defined that A facility is the manufacturer.

[0212] 2. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of the limit of certain cross section (pls. see FIG. 12) in certain place in the shape of two elements of different curves.

[0213] The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements of such curves: [0214] first element of the curve (between points 100 and 101) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.1748, elongation L=15 mm, focal parameter p=27.362 mm. [0215] second element of the curve (between points 100 and 103) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.6434, elongation L=1.4835 mm, focal parameter p=26.592 mm.

[0216] The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% when identifying all these parameters.

[0217] According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible for identification of the container carried out determination of geometrical shape of the cross section according to a complex of measurements of orthogonal coordinates of the cross section (profile).

[0218] It was defined in the course of identification that the first element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

51.221x.sup.2+1.5xy+50.725y.sup.2+34.244x-36.772y-10000=0.

e=0.175, L=15.2 mm, p=27.389 mm.

[0219] It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

24.88x.sup.2-10.57xy+37.159y.sup.2+388.444x+129.894y-10000=0.

e=0.644, L=14.85 mm, p=26.619 mm.

[0220] Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed 3%.

[0221] The cross-sectional limit of the container is marked by position 99 on FIG. 12, where the identifier is located. Ellipsis passing trough points 100 and 101 is marked by position 102. Ellipsis passing trough points 100 and 103 is marked by position 104.

[0222] Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been defined that A facility is the manufacturer.

[0223] 3. When producing the container (medical flask), the manufacturer gave a section of the limit of certain long section (pls. see FIG. 13) in certain place in the shape of two elements of different curves.

[0224] The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements of such curves: [0225] first element of the curve (between points 106 and 107) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.48, elongation L=6.3 mm, focal parameter p=19.36 mm. [0226] second element of the curve (between points 107 and 109) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.2, elongation L=9.25 mm, focal parameter p=15.10 mm.

[0227] The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% when identifying all these parameters.

[0228] According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible for identification of the container carried out determination of geometrical shape of the external part of long section according to a complex of measurements of orthogonal coordinates of the long section (profile).

[0229] It was defined in the course of identification that the first element of the curve in the concerned section of the external part of the long section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

280.394x.sup.2-47.266xy+235.032y.sup.2-214.190x+68.904y-10000=0.

e=0.475, L=6.2 mm, p=19.321 mm.

[0230] It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

181.045x.sup.2-0.464xy+173.85y.sup.2+377.884x-263.436y-10000=0.

e=0.199, L=9.0 mm, p=14.780 mm.

[0231] Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed 3%.

[0232] The limit of the external part of container long-section is marked by position 105 on FIG. 13, where the identifier is located. Ellipsis passing trough points 106 and 107 is marked by position 108. Ellipsis passing trough points 107 and 109 is marked by position 110.

[0233] Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been defined that A facility is the manufacturer.

[0234] 4. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of the limit of certain long section (pls. see FIG. 14) in certain place in the shape of two elements of different curves.

[0235] The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements of such curves: [0236] first element of the curve (between points 112 and 113) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.47, elongation L=16 mm, focal parameter p=27.7 mm. [0237] second element of the curve (between points 113 and 115) is classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.32, elongation L=9.0 mm, focal parameter p=28.0 mm.

[0238] The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% when identifying all these parameters.

[0239] According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible for identification of the container carried out determination of geometrical shape of the external part of long section according to a complex of measurements of orthogonal coordinates of the long section (profile).

[0240] It was defined in the course of identification that the first element of the curve in the concerned section of the external part of the long section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

37.348x.sup.2-9.876xy+40.269y.sup.2+259.44x+78.122y-10000=0.

e=0.484, L=16.07 mm, p=27.087 mm.

[0241] It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

45.737x.sup.2-3.042xy+41.845y.sup.2+98.218x+67.794y-10000=0.

e=0.327, L=9.09 mm, p=27.898 mm.

[0242] Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed 3%.

[0243] The limit of the external part of container long-section is marked by position 111 on FIG. 14, where the identifier is located. Ellipsis passing trough points 112 and 113 is marked by position 114. Ellipsis passing trough points 113 and 115 is marked by position 116.

[0244] Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been defined that A facility is the manufacturer.

[0245] 5. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of the limit of certain long section (pls. see FIG. 15) in certain place in the shape of two elements of different curves.

[0246] The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements of such curves: [0247] first element of the curve (between points 118 and 119) is classified as a hyperbola with eccentricity e=2.1, elongation L=420.0 mm, focal parameter p=315 mm. [0248] second element of the curve (between points 119 and 117) is classified as a hyperbola with eccentricity e=1.17, elongation L=446.0 mm, focal parameter p=130 mm.

[0249] The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% when identifying all these parameters.

[0250] According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible for identification of the container carried out determination of geometrical shape of the external part of long section according to a complex of measurements of orthogonal coordinates of the long section (profile).

[0251] It was defined in the course of identification that the first element of the curve in the concerned section of the external part of the long section is an element of hyperbola. Equation of the hyperbola:

0.25x.sup.2+6.14xy-4.279y.sup.2-3577.055x+5292.61y-1576606=0.

e=2.059, L=410.15 mm, p=314.806 mm.

[0252] It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concerned section is an element of hyperbola. Equation of the hyperbola:

0.25x.sup.2-3.26xy+1.48y.sup.2+1593x+1854y-1427400=0.

e=1.156, L=445.23 mm, p=129.345 mm.

[0253] Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed 3%.

[0254] The limit of the external part of container long-section is marked by position 120 on FIG. 15, where the identifier is located.

[0255] Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been defined that A facility is the manufacturer.

[0256] Every plant or factory legitimately manufacturing containers shall be assigned a unique combination of elements of ellipses and hyperbolae in the place reserved for the identifier on the external or internal cross-sectional limit.

[0257] Moreover, use of the invention when manufacturing containers with irregularly shaped cross-sections shall considerably simplify its manufacture due to reduction of types of used curves to two types: ellipsis and hyperbola. Simplification of the process is achieved mainly due to simplification of operations of software-controlled machines.

[0258] Increase in area of outer and inner surfaces shall be achieved in declared containers as compared to the prototype. Therefore, increase in heat exchange of the product put into the container and that of the container itself with the environment shall occur. Cooling time in a refrigerator for the product put into the container shall be reduced.

[0259] Increase in heat conductivity in thinning points, e.g. body, or bottom, shall be provided in declared containers. Then the product requiring fast cooling in a refrigerator should be placed in the container in points of thinning of the body or bottom.

[0260] Research conducted by the authors has shown that concentration of solar energy falling onto the container in focuses of curves near or on the surface of the container takes place in declared containers due to presence of elements of ellipses and hyperbolae on their surfaces.

[0261] The process of disposal of containers shall be simplified as well due to the fact that, when manufacturing containers according to the claimed invention, constructional directivity of strength properties of containers at long and cross sections is provided. Containers are oriented in a press, when disposed of, in a way that compressive effect of the press occurs in plane with the lowest compressive load resistance of the container body. Compressive force 91 is shown on FIG. 8 and FIG. 8A. Action of the force is directed in a way that long and cross sections offer minimum compressing resistance. Compressive force may be directed in the same way as force 92. In such a case moment of inertia of the long section is minimal. Experimental research conducted by the authors with pilot samples of declared containers has shown that the container breaks up into multiple small elements under compression. Breakages of the container take place in weakened points on its surface. Therefore, declared containers may be used to obtain constructive elements after their destruction in press.

[0262] Thus and so, the problem of the invention has been solved, declared technical results have been accomplished.

* * * * *